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On March 24th, zkSync introduced one of the multi-layer security mechanisms of zkSync Era, namely, execution delay. Execution delay means that each L2 block submitted to L1 will ha

Introduction

On March 24th, zkSync introduced one of the multi-layer security mechanisms of zkSync Era, namely, execution delay. Execution delay means that each L2 block submitted to L1 will have a time lock before execution and final determination. The initial delay will be 24 hours. As the system matures, the delay will gradually decrease until the alpha phase is removed, at which time the delay will be completely removed. The main purpose of the delay is to ensure that the team has sufficient time to verify the impact of transactions included in the block before the block becomes the final block, and has sufficient time to detect vulnerabilities, investigate, and pass governance freeze agreements.

ZkSync: The zkSync Era implementation delay security mechanism will allow sufficient time to detect issues and react in a timely manner

On March 24th, zkSync introduced a new multi-layer security mechanism, execution delay, aimed at enhancing the level of security in the zkSync Era. This ground-breaking technology must be implemented correctly to achieve the desired level of security without affecting block execution time. This article will delve deeply into the execution delay feature and explore how it contributes to the security of the zkSync system.
# What is Execution Delay in zkSync?
Execution delay, also known as timelock or time delay, is an innovative security measure introduced by zkSync to combat network attacks. The feature works by enhancing the verification process of transactions included in a block submitted to Layer 1 (L1). In other words, before a block execution is initiated, it must wait for a predetermined amount of time before the final determination. The initial delay time is 24 hours, but as the system matures, the delay time will decrease until the alpha phase ends completely.
# Why is Execution Delay Important?
The main objective of execution delay is to provide ample time for the zkSync team to verify the transactions included in the block and detect possible vulnerabilities. To achieve this, the team must analyze the impact of these transactions before they become final blocks. In addition, the delays ensure that the team has time to investigate any security breaches and implement governance freeze agreements.
# How Does Execution Delay Work?
The execution delay mechanism is designed entirely in the backend, where zkSync nodes are located. When a block is submitted to L1, the corresponding L2 block is created with a delay time established by zkSync, which begins the verification process. During the waiting period, the zkSync node reviews the block’s content and confirms it is free from faults. If the block is error-free and is deemed safe, then the verification process will conclude, and execution will be initiated. As the system evolves, the delay time will continue to decrease gradually until it becomes zero.
# Benefits of Execution Delay
In the recent past, various scaling solutions have implemented the “Instant Finality” feature to prevent double-spend attacks. However, this model has weak points given that miners can choose not to include transactions, rendering them invalid. On the other hand, execution delay guarantees that the blocks are executed with certainty, as nodes cannot choose to exclude any transactions.
Furthermore, timely execution delays enhance the system’s resilience to spamming attacks. These attacks aim to congest the blockchain by submitting numerous transactions within a short period. Such attacks could result in erroneous transactions being added to the L2 block, affecting the final determination. Execution delay restrains these inconveniences by allowing ample time for network activities to level off.
# How Does Execution Delay Affect Users?
zkSync users do not experience any significant changes during the execution delay process. The only difference may be the verification time for transactions included in blocks they create. The user may experience a delay in the block’s confirmation, but this is temporary as part of the verification process aimed at ensuring the security of the entire system.
# Conclusion
With the advancement of technology, network attackers have become more sophisticated. Consequently, blockchain systems have to keep up and enhance their security systems to keep their users’ assets safe. Execution delay is a groundbreaking security mechanism introduced by zkSync to guarantee the security of the zkSync system. Timely execution delays provide an ample opportunity for detecting possible vulnerabilities, free from errors, and ensuring blocks achieve their intended purpose.
# FAQs
Q1: Can Execution Delay prevent all network attacks?
A1: No, it does not prevent all attacks, but it significantly enhances the system’s resilience against spamming and other forms of network attacks.
Q2: Does Execution Delay affect block execution time?
A2: Yes, it does affect the execution time, but this is done to guarantee the safety and security of the system.
Q3: How does Execution Delay contribute to the security of the zkSync system?
A3: Execution delay provides ample time for the zkSync team to verify transactions and detect possible vulnerabilities before blocks become final.

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